{"id":2137,"date":"2020-08-27T08:05:26","date_gmt":"2020-08-27T08:05:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/liquefazione-dei-terreni-cose-e-come-intervenire\/"},"modified":"2020-09-08T17:08:45","modified_gmt":"2020-09-08T17:08:45","slug":"lichefierea-solului-ce-este-si-cum-se-intervine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/ro\/lichefierea-solului-ce-este-si-cum-se-intervine\/","title":{"rendered":"Lichefierea solului: ce este \u0219i cum se intervine"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Lichefierea este un fenomen care apare \u00eentr-un sol saturat necoeziv (nisip, pietri\u0219, n\u0103mol non-plastic), dup\u0103 o secven\u021b\u0103 seismic\u0103. Acestea din urm\u0103 favorizeaz\u0103 o reducere a rezisten\u021bei la forfecare a solului datorit\u0103 cre\u0219terii \u0219i acumul\u0103rii de presiuni intersti\u021biale.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Acest fenomen are ca rezultat final, deform\u0103ri permanente semnificative sau chiar anularea for\u021belor efective din sol (Eurocodul 8-Partea 5).<\/p>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Cazurile istorice<\/h3>\n<p>La nivel mondial exist\u0103 dovezi ale fenomenelor macroscopice de lichefiere (Fig. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1942 aligncenter\" title=\"casi storici liquefazione\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/casi-storici-liquefazione-1-262x300.png\" alt=\"casi storici liquefazione\" width=\"562\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/casi-storici-liquefazione-1-262x300.png 262w, https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/casi-storici-liquefazione-1.png 692w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 562px) 100vw, 562px\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Figura 1 &#8211; A) Scufundarea cl\u0103dirilor din ora\u0219ul Niigata (Japonia, 1964); B) Efectele lichefierii solului \u00een marele cutremur care a lovit Alaska \u00een 1964; C) Pr\u0103bu\u0219irea podului Showa \u00een timpul cutremurului din Niigata (Japonia, 1964); Afundarea carosabilului datorit\u0103 expansiunii laterale a solului (Alaska, 1964)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\">Cum are loc lichefierea<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Se consider\u0103 solul ca un set de particule (sau granule) (Figura 2a) care, sub greutatea terenului superior, genereaz\u0103 for\u021be de contact \u00eentre particulele \u00een sine (Figura 2b): \u00een astfel de condi\u021bii, aceste for\u021be asigur\u0103 stabilitate \u0219i rezisten\u021b\u0103 terenului.<br \/>\n\u00cen momentul cutremurului, depozitele poten\u021bial lichefiate, fiind supuse vibra\u021biilor, tind s\u0103 se \u00eengroa\u0219e, dar f\u0103r\u0103 a avea timpul necesar pentru a scurge sau expulza apa intersti\u021bial\u0103. Aceasta din urm\u0103, r\u0103mas\u0103 prins\u0103, produce efectul unei presiuni intersti\u021biale crescute (figura 2c). Atunci c\u00e2nd presiunea apei este egal\u0103 cu presiunea geologic\u0103, presiunile efective transmise prin particulele solide devin zero, rezult\u00e2nd pierderea contactului \u00eentre ele, f\u0103c\u00e2nd astfel ca depunerea s\u0103 se comporte ca un lichid.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1698\" title=\"schema liquefazione\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/liquefazione-300x90.png\" alt=\"schema liquefazione\" width=\"720\" height=\"216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/liquefazione-300x90.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/liquefazione.png 660w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><em>Figura 2 &#8211; Mecanismul de lichefiere<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Lichefierea \u00een termeni generali<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare rela\u021bia (1) a criteriului Mohr-Coulomb;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1714\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/mohr_coulomb-300x73.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"73\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/mohr_coulomb-300x73.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/mohr_coulomb.png 315w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dove:<\/p>\n<p>\u03c4<sub>n<\/sub> = Tensiunea tangen\u021bial\u0103;<br \/>\n\u03c3<sub>n<\/sub> = Tensiunea normal\u0103 total\u0103;<br \/>\nu = Presiunea intersti\u021bial\u0103;<br \/>\n\u03c6&#8217; = Aunghiul de frecare;<br \/>\nc = Coeziunea.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Lichefierea apare atunci c\u00e2nd tensiunea tangen\u021bial\u0103 \u03c4n tinde la zero. Din rela\u021bia (1) se remarc\u0103 faptul c\u0103 coeziunea c, unghiul de frecare \u03c6 \u0219i tensiunea total\u0103 \u03c3n, \u00een cre\u0219tere, fac mai pu\u021bin probabil ca fenomenul de lichefiere s\u0103 apar\u0103. \u00cen schimb, presiunile intersti\u021biale u, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce cresc, cresc probabilitatea (\u0219i pericolul) de apari\u021bie a lichefierii.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Alte caracteristici care influen\u021beaz\u0103 fenomenul, sunt densitatea relativ\u0103 Dr \u0219i granulometria solului. Un teren inconsistent cu o densitate relativ\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103, to\u021bi ceilal\u021bi factori fiind egali, este mai susceptibil la lichefiere.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Clasificarea conform Robertson \u0219i Fear (1996)<\/h3>\n<p>Cei doi autori au deosebit dou\u0103 tipuri de fenomene de lichefiere:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Liquefierede tip flux sau fluidificare (Flow liquefaction):<\/strong> are loc \u00een soluri cu \u00eenclina\u021bii mai mari de 3 grade. For\u021bele de forfecare statice, fiind mai mari dec\u00e2t rezisten\u021ba rezidual\u0103 a solului, declan\u0219eaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103ri rapide ale solului lichefiat \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari. Daunele aduse cl\u0103dirilor sunt devastatoare;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Dedurizarea ciclic\u0103 (Cyclic softening)<\/strong>, spre deosebire de tipul anterior, deform\u0103rile se opresc atunci c\u00e2nd for\u021bele de forfecare externe aplicate nu sunt prezente. Deform\u0103rile sunt la r\u00e2ndul lor \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een dou\u0103 cazuri:\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Lichefierea ciclic\u0103 (Cyclic Liquefaction):<\/em> Un fenomen care apare \u00een cazul \u00een care cota zero a terenului este orizontal\u0103 \u0219i nu se aplic\u0103 sarcini. Un fenomen care apare \u00een cazul \u00een care cota zero a \u00a0terenului este orizontal\u0103 \u0219i nu se aplic\u0103 sarcini.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Mobilitate ciclic\u0103 (Cyclic mobility):<\/em>Fenomen caracterizat prin deform\u0103ri permanente limitate, adesea de-a lungul versn\u021bilor abrup\u021bi, cu consecin\u021be tas\u0103ri post-seismice \u0219i diferen\u021biale consecutive, alunec\u0103ri de teren mici \u0219i <strong>lateral spreading<\/strong>.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<strong>Urm\u0103torul videoclip prezint\u0103 un exemplu numeric de aplica\u021bie de lateral spreading cu software-ul <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/ro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Geostru<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/ro\/shop\/software-ro\/software-geologia-ro-2\/lichefierea-terenului\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Liquiter<\/a>:<\/strong>[\/vc_column_text]<div id=\"ultimate-video-912369f3a60549d6e\" class=\"ult-video  ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-video-912369f3a60549d6e ultv-5574 \"><div class=\"ultv-video ultv-aspect-ratio-16_9 ultv-subscribe-responsive-none\" data-videotype=\"uv_iframe\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ultv-video__outer-wrap\" data-autoplay=\"0\" data-device=\"false\"  data-iconbg=\"#3A3A3A\" data-overcolor=\"\" data-defaultbg=\"#1f1f1e\" data-defaultplay=\"defaulticon\"><div class=\"ultv-video__play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vlxncrzPzY0?rel=0&#038;start&#038;end&#038;controls=1&#038;mute=0&#038;modestbranding=0&#038;autoplay=1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ultv-video__thumb\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/vlxncrzPzY0\/maxresdefault.jpg\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ultv-video__play-icon  ultv-animation-none\" style=\"width:75px\"><svg height=\"100%\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 68 48\" width=\"100%\"><path class=\"ultv-youtube-icon-bg\" d=\"m .66,37.62 c 0,0 .66,4.70 2.70,6.77 2.58,2.71 5.98,2.63 7.49,2.91 5.43,.52 23.10,.68 23.12,.68 .00,-1.3e-5 14.29,-0.02 23.81,-0.71 1.32,-0.15 4.22,-0.17 6.81,-2.89 2.03,-2.07 2.70,-6.77 2.70,-6.77 0,0 .67,-5.52 .67,-11.04 l 0,-5.17 c 0,-5.52 -0.67,-11.04 -0.67,-11.04 0,0 -0.66,-4.70 -2.70,-6.77 C 62.03,.86 59.13,.84 57.80,.69 48.28,0 34.00,0 34.00,0 33.97,0 19.69,0 10.18,.69 8.85,.84 5.95,.86 3.36,3.58 1.32,5.65 .66,10.35 .66,10.35 c 0,0 -0.55,4.50 -0.66,9.45 l 0,8.36 c .10,4.94 .66,9.45 .66,9.45 z\" fill=\"#1f1f1e\" ><\/path><path d=\"m 26.96,13.67 18.37,9.62 -18.37,9.55 -0.00,-19.17 z\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><path d=\"M 45.02,23.46 45.32,23.28 26.96,13.67 43.32,22.34 45.02,23.46 z\" fill=\"#ccc\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div> <\/div> <\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Ce factori fac ca solurile s\u0103 fie susceptibile la lichefiere<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Principalii factori sunt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Granulometria;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Presiunea litostatic\u0103;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Gradul de \u00eendesare;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Con\u021binutul important de frac\u021biuni fine;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Deformare volumetric\u0103.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Metode simplificate pentru evaluarea rezisten\u021bei la lichefiere CRR<\/h3>\n<p>Metodele simplificate se bazeaz\u0103 pe rela\u021bia dintre tensiunile de forfecare care produc lichefiere \u0219i cele induse de cutremur, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t acestea trebuie s\u0103 evalueze parametrii lega\u021bi at\u00e2t de evenimentul seismic, c\u00e2t \u0219i de depozit.<br \/>\nRezisten\u021ba la lichefiere a depozitelor este evaluat\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de factorul de rezisten\u021b\u0103 la lichefiere (FS):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1750 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/1_0.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"102\" height=\"46\" \/> (1)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Unde <strong>CRR<\/strong> (<em>Cyclic Resistance Ratio<\/em>) indic\u0103 rezisten\u021ba solului la forfec\u0103ri ciclice \u0219i <strong>CSR<\/strong>\u00a0<em>(Cyclic Stress Ratio) <\/em>tensiunea maxim\u0103 de forfecare indus\u0103 de cutremur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1755\" title=\"schema csr crr\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/figur_1-300x135.png\" alt=\"schema csr crr\" width=\"569\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/figur_1-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/figur_1.png 581w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 569px) 100vw, 569px\" \/><em>Figura 4 \u2013 Schema conceptual\u0103 a metodelor simplificate<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Dup\u0103 cum se poate vedea din diagrama din Figura 4, lichefierea are loc atunci c\u00e2nd parametrul CSR este mai mare dec\u00e2t CRR, fiind numitorul \u00een rela\u021bia (1), acesta produce un Fs &lt;1. Analiz\u00e2nd ad\u00e2ncimea Z, se poate observa, de asemenea, c\u0103 se va atinge un \u201ev\u00e2rf de lichefiere\u201d atunci c\u00e2nd diferen\u021ba dintre valorile CSR \u0219i CRR este maxim\u0103 (cu CSR&gt; CRR), iar apoi scade odat\u0103 cu cre\u0219terea ad\u00e2ncimii.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00cen evaluarea parametrului<strong> CRR (rezisten\u021ba la lichefiere)<\/strong>, \u00een metodele simplificate, cel mai utilizat parametru este num\u0103rul de lovituri \u00een testul <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/ro\/blog\/2020\/04\/06\/prova-penetrometrica-dinamica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>SPT<\/strong> <\/a>chiar dac\u0103 ast\u0103zi, odat\u0103 cu progresul cuno\u0219tin\u021belor, se prefer\u0103 evaluarea poten\u021bialului de lichefiere utiliz\u00e2nd teste statice (<strong>CPT<\/strong>) sau teste de m\u0103surare a undelor de forfecare <strong>Vs.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen schimb, printre metodele de calcul al<strong> poten\u021bialului de lichefiere a CSR<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Metoda Seed \u0219i Idriss (1982);<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Metoda Iwasaki et al. (1978; 1984);<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Metoda Tokimatsu \u0219i Yoshimi (1983);<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Metoda Finn (1985);<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Metoda Cort\u00e8 (1985);<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Metoda Robertson \u0219i Wride modificato (1997);<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Metoda Andrus \u0219i Stokoe (1998);<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Metode bazate pe Eurocod 8 (ENV 1998-5);<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Metoda Idriss &amp; Boulanger\u00a0(2008)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1597948407066{background-color: #f7f7f7 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;1812&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;right&#8221; onclick=&#8221;custom_link&#8221; img_link_target=&#8221;_blank&#8221; link=&#8221;https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/liquefazione-con-liquiter\/&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1597948331247{background-color: #f7f7f7 !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1599581324383{background-color: #f7f7f7 !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00cen articolul nostru anterior &#8222;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/en\/liquefaction-resistance-of-soil-with-liquiter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Liquefaction with Liquiter<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8221; vsunt analizate procedurile simplificate pentru evaluarea rezisten\u021bei la lichefierea solului (CRR), care sunt inserate \u00een software-ul <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www,geostru.eu\/ro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Geostru<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/ro\/shop\/software-ro\/software-geologia-ro-2\/lichefierea-terenului\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Liquiter<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1598020905725{background-color: #f7f7f7 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<style type=\"text\/css\" data-type=\"the7_shortcodes-inline-css\">.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5.owl-carousel .owl-nav div {\n  width: 36px;\n  height: 36px;\n  border-radius: 500px;\n}\n.dt-arrow-border-on.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5.owl-carousel .owl-nav div:not(:hover):before {\n  border-width: 0px;\n}\n.dt-arrow-hover-border-on.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5.owl-carousel .owl-nav div:hover:after {\n  border-width: 0px;\n}\n.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5.owl-carousel .owl-nav div.owl-prev 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left: 10px;\n  }\n  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5.reposition-arrows .owl-nav .owl-next {\n    top: 50%;\n    transform: translateY(calc(-50% + 0px));\n    right: 10px;\n  }\n}\n@media screen and (max-width: 778px) and all and (-ms-high-contrast: none) {\n  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5.reposition-arrows .owl-nav .owl-prev {\n    transform: translateY(-50%);\n    margin-top: 0px;\n  }\n}\n@media screen and (max-width: 778px) and all and (-ms-high-contrast: none) {\n  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5.reposition-arrows .owl-nav .owl-next {\n    transform: translateY(-50%);\n    margin-top: 0px;\n  }\n}\n.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5 figure,\n.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5 .rollover,\n.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5 img,\n.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5 .gallery-rollover {\n  border-radius: 0px;\n}\n.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5.enable-bg-rollover .gallery-rollover {\n  background: -webkit-linear-gradient();\n  background: linear-gradient();\n}\n.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5.enable-img-shadow .owl-stage-outer {\n  padding: 24px 0;\n}\n.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5.enable-bg-rollover.hover-scale figure .rollover:after {\n  background: -webkit-linear-gradient();\n  background: linear-gradient();\n}\n.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5.gallery-shortcode .gallery-zoom-ico {\n  width: 44px;\n  height: 44px;\n  line-height: 44px;\n  border-radius: 100px;\n  margin: -22px 0 0 -22px;\n  border-width: 0px;\n}\n.dt-icon-bg-on.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5.gallery-shortcode .gallery-zoom-ico {\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);\n  box-shadow: none;\n}\n.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5.gallery-shortcode .gallery-zoom-ico:before,\n.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5.gallery-shortcode .gallery-zoom-ico span {\n  font-size: 32px;\n  line-height: 44px;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  background: none;\n}<\/style><div class=\"owl-carousel gallery-carousel-shortcode gallery-shortcode  dt-gallery-container dt-owl-carousel-call gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-a47b0cf2eb1bbaf264b9e5abcf59eca5 quick-scale-img enable-bg-rollover meta-info-off dt-arrow-border-on dt-arrow-hover-border-on bullets-small-dot-stroke reposition-arrows dt-icon-bg-off arrows-bg-on disable-arrows-hover-bg arrows-hover-bg-on  hover-fade \" data-scroll-mode=\"1\" data-col-num=\"1\" data-wide-col-num=\"1\" data-laptop-col=\"1\" data-h-tablet-columns-num=\"1\" data-v-tablet-columns-num=\"1\" data-phone-columns-num=\"1\" data-col-gap=\"20\" data-stage-padding=\"0\" data-speed=\"600\" data-autoplay=\"false\" data-autoplay_speed=\"6000\" data-arrows=\"true\" data-bullet=\"false\" data-next-icon=\"icon-ar-017-r\" data-prev-icon=\"icon-ar-017-l\" data-img-shadow-size=\"12px\" data-img-shadow-spread=\"3px\"><div data-post-id=\"1850\" data-date=\"2020-08-20T17:19:13+00:00\" data-name=\"Liquiter1\"><figure class=\"post\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/Liquiter1.png\" class=\"rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg\" data-large_image_width=\"1919\" data-large_image_height=\"1027\" data-dt-img-description=\"\" title=\"Liquiter1\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201919%201027&#39;%2F%3E\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/Liquiter1.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/Liquiter1.png 1919w\" loading=\"eager\" style=\"--ratio: 1919 \/ 1027\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\" alt=\" liquefazione liquiter\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1027\"  \/><span class=\"gallery-rollover\"><span class=\"gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/figure><\/div><div data-post-id=\"1862\" data-date=\"2020-08-20T17:19:23+00:00\" data-name=\"Liquiter4\"><figure class=\"post\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/Liquiter4.png\" class=\"rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg\" data-large_image_width=\"1919\" data-large_image_height=\"1027\" data-dt-img-description=\"\" title=\"Liquiter4\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201919%201027&#39;%2F%3E\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/Liquiter4.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/Liquiter4.png 1919w\" loading=\"eager\" style=\"--ratio: 1919 \/ 1027\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\" alt=\"Liquiter4\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1027\"  \/><span class=\"gallery-rollover\"><span class=\"gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/figure><\/div><div data-post-id=\"1858\" data-date=\"2020-08-20T17:19:20+00:00\" data-name=\"Liquiter3\"><figure class=\"post\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/Liquiter3.png\" class=\"rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg\" data-large_image_width=\"1919\" data-large_image_height=\"1032\" data-dt-img-description=\"\" title=\"Liquiter3\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201919%201032&#39;%2F%3E\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/Liquiter3.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/Liquiter3.png 1919w\" loading=\"eager\" style=\"--ratio: 1919 \/ 1032\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\" alt=\" liquefazione\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1032\"  \/><span class=\"gallery-rollover\"><span class=\"gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/figure><\/div><div data-post-id=\"1854\" data-date=\"2020-08-20T17:19:16+00:00\" data-name=\"Liquiter2\"><figure class=\"post\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/Liquiter2.png\" class=\"rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg\" data-large_image_width=\"1919\" data-large_image_height=\"1030\" data-dt-img-description=\"\" title=\"Liquiter2\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201919%201030&#39;%2F%3E\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/Liquiter2.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/Liquiter2.png 1919w\" loading=\"eager\" style=\"--ratio: 1919 \/ 1030\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\" alt=\" liquefazione\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1030\"  \/><span class=\"gallery-rollover\"><span class=\"gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/ro\/shop\/software-ro\/software-geologia-ro-2\/lichefierea-terenului\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Liquiter<\/strong><\/a> este un software pentru analiza lichefierii solurilor \u00een condi\u021bii seismice. Datele de intrare necesare pot fi ob\u021binute din diferite teste ale terenului.<\/p>\n<p>Pe scurt, rezultatele oferite de program sunt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Factorul de siguran\u021b\u0103 a lichefierii \/ indicele poten\u021bialului de lichefiere.<\/li>\n<li>Mobilitatea ciclic\u0103 pentru argile.<\/li>\n<li>Lichefierea nisipurilor \u0219i argilelor.<\/li>\n<li>CSR, CSR variabil\u0103 cu ad\u00e2ncimea (SHAKE).<\/li>\n<li>Reconsolidare, Lateral Spreading.<\/li>\n<li>For\u021ba rezidual\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xEimhoEdk2o\">Tutorial video<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/ro\/shop\/software-ro\/software-geologia-ro-2\/lichefierea-terenului\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>Accesa\u021bi pagina produsului<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Interven\u021bii pentru reducerea poten\u021bialului de lichefiere<\/h3>\n<p>M\u0103surile de combatere a fenomenului de lichefiere, pe un teren de suprafa\u021b\u0103 liber, constau \u00een:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea compact\u0103rii terenului cu metode dinamice:<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Vibrocompactare;<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Heavy Tamping;<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Utilizarea explozivilor<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><em><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1803\" title=\"heavy tamping liquefazione\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/heavy_-tamping-1-300x114.png\" alt=\"heavy tamping liquefazione\" width=\"597\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/heavy_-tamping-1-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/heavy_-tamping-1-768x292.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/heavy_-tamping-1.png 780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 597px) 100vw, 597px\" \/><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Figura 5 &#8211; Interven\u021bia compact\u0103rii dinamice (Heavy Tamping)<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reducerea p\u00e2nzei freatice pentru a cre\u0219te presiunile reale;<\/li>\n<li>Efectuarea injec\u021biilor pe baz\u0103 de ciment sau de r\u0103\u0219ini sintetice pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi leg\u0103turile intergranulare;<\/li>\n<li>Cre\u0219terea permeabilit\u0103\u021bii intersti\u021biale prin instalarea drenurilor (metode statice):\n<ul>\n<li><em><em>Drenuri verticale, \u00een pietri\u0219 etc<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1799\" title=\"dreni liquefazione\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/dreni-1-266x300.png\" alt=\"dreni liquefazione\" width=\"399\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/dreni-1-266x300.png 266w, https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/08\/dreni-1.png 339w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\" \/><\/em><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Figura 6 &#8211; Metoda de instalare a drenurilor<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<strong>Software-ul <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/ro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Geostru<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geostru.eu\/ro\/shop\/software-ro\/software-geologia-ro-2\/lichefierea-terenului\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Liquiter<\/a>:<\/strong>[\/vc_column_text]<div id=\"ultimate-video-240769f3a6054b9da\" class=\"ult-video  ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-video-240769f3a6054b9da ultv-1561 \"><div class=\"ultv-video ultv-aspect-ratio-16_9 ultv-subscribe-responsive-none\" data-videotype=\"uv_iframe\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ultv-video__outer-wrap\" data-autoplay=\"0\" data-device=\"false\"  data-iconbg=\"#3A3A3A\" data-overcolor=\"\" data-defaultbg=\"#1f1f1e\" data-defaultplay=\"defaulticon\"><div class=\"ultv-video__play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xEimhoEdk2o?rel=0&#038;start&#038;end&#038;controls=1&#038;mute=0&#038;modestbranding=0&#038;autoplay=1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ultv-video__thumb\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/xEimhoEdk2o\/maxresdefault.jpg\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ultv-video__play-icon  ultv-animation-none\" style=\"width:75px\"><svg height=\"100%\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 68 48\" width=\"100%\"><path class=\"ultv-youtube-icon-bg\" d=\"m .66,37.62 c 0,0 .66,4.70 2.70,6.77 2.58,2.71 5.98,2.63 7.49,2.91 5.43,.52 23.10,.68 23.12,.68 .00,-1.3e-5 14.29,-0.02 23.81,-0.71 1.32,-0.15 4.22,-0.17 6.81,-2.89 2.03,-2.07 2.70,-6.77 2.70,-6.77 0,0 .67,-5.52 .67,-11.04 l 0,-5.17 c 0,-5.52 -0.67,-11.04 -0.67,-11.04 0,0 -0.66,-4.70 -2.70,-6.77 C 62.03,.86 59.13,.84 57.80,.69 48.28,0 34.00,0 34.00,0 33.97,0 19.69,0 10.18,.69 8.85,.84 5.95,.86 3.36,3.58 1.32,5.65 .66,10.35 .66,10.35 c 0,0 -0.55,4.50 -0.66,9.45 l 0,8.36 c .10,4.94 .66,9.45 .66,9.45 z\" fill=\"#1f1f1e\" ><\/path><path d=\"m 26.96,13.67 18.37,9.62 -18.37,9.55 -0.00,-19.17 z\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><path d=\"M 45.02,23.46 45.32,23.28 26.96,13.67 43.32,22.34 45.02,23.46 z\" fill=\"#ccc\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div> <\/div> <\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Lichefierea este un fenomen care apare \u00eentr-un sol saturat necoeziv (nisip, pietri\u0219, n\u0103mol non-plastic), dup\u0103 o secven\u021b\u0103 seismic\u0103. Acestea din urm\u0103 favorizeaz\u0103 o reducere a rezisten\u021bei la forfecare a solului datorit\u0103 cre\u0219terii \u0219i acumul\u0103rii de presiuni intersti\u021biale. Acest fenomen are ca rezultat final, deform\u0103ri permanente semnificative sau chiar anularea for\u021belor efective din sol (Eurocodul&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16658,"featured_media":1961,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1595,1596,1443,824],"tags":[1597,1598,1601],"class_list":["post-2137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geologie","category-ingegneria-2-ro","category-articoli-geotecnica-ro","category-santiere","tag-geologia-ro","tag-geotecnica-ro","tag-liquiter-ro","category-1595","category-1596","category-1443","category-824","description-off"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v25.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Lichefierea solului: ce este \u0219i cum se intervine - Geostru Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un rapida analisi del fenomeno della liquefazione dei terreni: le cause, come analizzarlo e capire se un terreno e suscettibile a liquefazione\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.geostru.eu\/ro\/lichefierea-solului-ce-este-si-cum-se-intervine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lichefierea solului: ce este \u0219i cum se intervine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lichefierea este un fenomen care apare \u00eentr-un sol saturat necoeziv (nisip, pietri\u0219, n\u0103mol non-plastic), dup\u0103 o secven\u021b\u0103 seismic\u0103. 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